{"id":258080,"date":"2024-04-08T15:20:06","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T15:20:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingenieros.en-desarrollo.net\/eco-mobility-challenges-digital-ecosystems-and-autonomous-vehicles-in-smart-cities\/"},"modified":"2025-01-30T10:28:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T10:28:33","slug":"eco-mobility-challenges-digital-ecosystems-and-autonomous-vehicles-in-smart-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ctengineeringgroup.com\/es\/eco-mobility-challenges-digital-ecosystems-and-autonomous-vehicles-in-smart-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Retos de la ecomovilidad. Ecosistemas digitales y veh\u00edculos aut\u00f3nomos en los smart cities."},"content":{"rendered":"

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Situaci\u00f3n y retos actuales<\/b><\/p>\n

El auge de las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas, las preferencias de los consumidores y los servicios de movilidad emergentes est\u00e1n transformando dr\u00e1sticamente la industria del autom\u00f3vil. Estamos en un momento de cambio apasionante impulsado por ofrecer una movilidad digital sostenible.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La movilidad urbana se enfrenta a la tendencia de pasar de los coches individuales al concepto de smart cities<\/i>, ciudades inteligentes, con infraestructuras de transporte inteligentes compartidas para personas y mercanc\u00edas, donde se incluyen veh\u00edculos particulares, bicicletas y transporte p\u00fablico. Esta transformaci\u00f3n de la industria requiere que la cadena de valor de la movilidad digital se beneficie de las \u00faltimas innovaciones del software y la electr\u00f3nica.<\/p>\n

La inteligencia artificial (IA), el Internet de las cosas (IoT), los sistemas de sensores, la rob\u00f3tica y los servicios de movilidad est\u00e1n allanando el camino, aunque no deja de ser un reto formidable, para un cambio tecnol\u00f3gico hacia nuevos modelos de negocio en los que todo el ecosistema de movilidad deber\u00eda cooperar para la evoluci\u00f3n de los servicios y funcionalidades del transporte. Se hace necesario coordinar diferentes medios para una movilidad eficiente puerta a puerta, as\u00ed como promover una conducci\u00f3n totalmente automatizada y aut\u00f3noma, donde se implementen en software nuevas caracter\u00edsticas, capacidades y mejoras de rendimiento del veh\u00edculo.<\/p>\n

Los componentes de hardware que se introducen en los veh\u00edculos son cada vez m\u00e1s potentes y eficaces, pero con ello se vuelven m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles de gestionar. Al mismo tiempo, la complejidad de las funciones del software est\u00e1 creciendo exponencialmente y el veh\u00edculo se est\u00e1 convirtiendo cada vez m\u00e1s en un \u201cnodo de Internet sobre ruedas\u201d.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.ctengineeringgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Figura-1.jpg\u00bb title_text=\u00bbFigura-1″ _builder_version=\u00bb4.26.1″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.26.1″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Figura 1.<\/b> Ecosistema actual de conectividad entre veh\u00edculos, infraestructuras y usuarios de la v\u00eda p\u00fablica.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fuente: FutureBride Analysis<\/p>\n

Tecnolog\u00edas habilitadoras<\/b><\/p>\n

En los futuros escenarios de la movilidad, los veh\u00edculos intercambiar\u00e1n una cantidad impresionante de datos con el entorno, como pueden ser otros veh\u00edculos, los dispositivos port\u00e1tiles de los peatones, y las infraestructuras circundantes tales como sem\u00e1foros, c\u00e1maras en p\u00f3rticos o incluso con plataformas a\u00e9reas (tripuladas y no tripuladas).<\/p>\n

Se hace patente que la mec\u00e1nica tradicional se tiene que complementar con dispositivos de hardware que nos permitan un flujo fluido y \u00e1gil de datos, sin apenas latencia (50 milisegundos como m\u00e1ximo) y que sea capaz de mantener sus caracter\u00edsticas incluso en situaciones de baja o degradada conectividad. Los veh\u00edculos tendr\u00e1n conciencia de s\u00ed mismos y de lo que les rodea, al ser capaces de procesar de forma independiente la ingente cantidad de informaci\u00f3n transmitida y recibida. C\u00e1maras frontales y traseras o dispositivos de radar y lidar (light detection and ranging<\/i>) para detecci\u00f3n y evitaci\u00f3n de obst\u00e1culos y tr\u00e1fico circundante son ya moneda corriente en muchos veh\u00edculos actuales del mercado. Este impresionante hardware se acompa\u00f1a de un potente software de gesti\u00f3n con los algoritmos m\u00e1s sofisticados de inteligencia artificial e identificaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes (Computer Vision<\/i>) para hacer de los veh\u00edculos verdaderas plataformas digitales que les habilitan para realizar una conducci\u00f3n segura e incluso llevar a cabo maniobras evasivas para evitar situaciones de riesgo para los ocupantes, como pueden ser cambios de carril, aceleraciones o frenadas no previstas.<\/p>\n

Que un veh\u00edculo sea aut\u00f3nomo, implica que sea capaz de reaccionar por s\u00ed mismo tomando decisiones bas\u00e1ndose en la informaci\u00f3n percibida. Tambi\u00e9n ha de efectuar un filtrado de la informaci\u00f3n y procesar en su flujo de datos s\u00f3lo los que aportan valor; el resto debe desecharse y no incluirse en su base de datos interna. Finalmente, tambi\u00e9n debe poder transmitir informaci\u00f3n de utilidad y de calidad a otras plataformas (terrestres y a\u00e9reas). Es una constante interacci\u00f3n con el medio haciendo uso extensivo del concepto de comunicaci\u00f3n V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle<\/i>) y V2X (Vehicle to Everything<\/i>). Para ello, tecnolog\u00edas habilitadoras como el 5G van a ser fundamentales para el despegue definitivo de los veh\u00edculos aut\u00f3nomos y de la gesti\u00f3n del tr\u00e1fico en las ciudades inteligentes.<\/p>\n

Igualmente, no hemos de perder de vista la importancia de la ciberseguridad en las comunicaciones. Se procurar\u00e1 que todos los enlaces y el flujo de datos est\u00e9n dotados de una\u00a0<\/span>capa de ciberprotecci\u00f3n ante ataques maliciosos, intentos de usurpaci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n clave de usuarios y entidades y despliegue de informaci\u00f3n deliberadamente falsa. La trazabilidad del flujo de informaci\u00f3n amparada por el blockchain<\/i> tambi\u00e9n se perfila como un importante valor a\u00f1adido.<\/p>\n

\n

Desarrollos en curso: hacia el gemelo digital predictivo\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

En CT estamos trabajando en importantes proyectos de movilidad urbana. Uno de ellos es el proyecto ECOMOBILITY KDT-JU, compuesto por 44 compa\u00f1\u00edas de 9 pa\u00edses europeos y financiado por la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, donde CT se encarga de la elaboraci\u00f3n de un gestor de tr\u00e1fico (traffic manager<\/i>) para smart cities<\/i>. Con la tecnolog\u00eda de hardware y dispositivos de telecomunicaciones, captaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes y mapas digitales generados por nuestros socios, somos capaces de desarrollar todo un gemelo digital predictivo que nos informa en tiempo real no s\u00f3lo de lo que est\u00e1 ocurriendo en la ciudad a nivel de tr\u00e1fico rodado, sino de lo que es probable ocurra en el futuro. La capacidad de predicci\u00f3n ser\u00e1 clave, yendo m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la mera captaci\u00f3n y muestra de informaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Con los datos del tr\u00e1fico actual podemos establecer tendencias acerca de la evoluci\u00f3n del mismo y as\u00ed poder informar a todas las partes interesadas para adoptar las medidas m\u00e1s eficaces y eficientes. Todos se pueden beneficiar: desde los propios conductores, que podr\u00e1n recibir, a trav\u00e9s de sus dispositivos GPS, las mejores rutas alternativas en caso de embotellamientos, hasta los organismos rectores de la ciudad, a los que se les puede ofrecer una mejor sincronizaci\u00f3n de sem\u00e1foros, mostrar los mensajes m\u00e1s \u00fatiles en la carteler\u00eda electr\u00f3nica o proponer las mejores obras o modificaciones en calles y accesos para hacer la circulaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s fluida. Todo ello, con plena capacidad de gesti\u00f3n de datos tanto reales como sint\u00e9ticos para fortalecer nuestro gemelo digital y hacer que sus resultados y predicciones sean muy precisos.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.ctengineeringgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ecomobility_web-scaled-1.jpg\u00bb title_text=\u00bbEcomobility_web-scaled\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.26.1″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.26.1″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Figura 2.<\/b> Esquema de proyecto en que participa activamente CT. Con los datos captados del entorno y la creaci\u00f3n de mapas digitales, seremos capaces de desarrollar un gemelo digital predictivo del tr\u00e1fico urbano.<\/p>\n

\n

Ciudades m\u00e1s \u00e1giles y menos contaminaci\u00f3n, entre los numerosos beneficios<\/b><\/p>\n

Como hemos visto, la ecomovilidad nos presenta importantes desaf\u00edos, pero al mismo tiempo la gran oportunidad de desplegar la mejor tecnolog\u00eda digital para la gesti\u00f3n de las capacidades aut\u00f3nomas de los veh\u00edculos, integradas en la gesti\u00f3n del tr\u00e1fico actual. Una oportunidad de hacer de las ciudades unos entornos m\u00e1s \u00e1giles, menos congestionados y en donde los servicios de transporte local y entregas se produzcan con mayor agilidad.<\/p>\n

Como beneficios adicionales, tendremos una importante reducci\u00f3n de emisiones contaminantes al ser la circulaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s fluida y fomentarse el despliegue de veh\u00edculos de propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica y limpia, se reducir\u00e1n los tiempos de trayecto entre origen y destino y se optimizar\u00e1 el uso del veh\u00edculo con modelos de negocio de plataformas compartidas.<\/p>\n

Las tecnolog\u00edas habilitadoras que nos permitir\u00e1n dar este impresionante salto ya las tenemos disponibles: IoT, sens\u00f3rica, gemelos digitales predictivos e inteligencia artificial. Con ellas, nuestra labor consistir\u00e1 en la integraci\u00f3n de todas las disciplinas de forma que haya un ininterrumpido flujo de informaci\u00f3n entre los veh\u00edculos y su entorno, que las haga operar como si fuesen un ente \u00fanico. Es una misi\u00f3n compleja, pero conduciremos juntos hacia una movilidad digital sostenible.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La ecomovilidad nos presenta importantes desaf\u00edos, pero al mismo tiempo la gran oportunidad de desplegar la mejor tecnolog\u00eda digital para la gesti\u00f3n de las capacidades aut\u00f3nomas de los veh\u00edculos, integradas en la gesti\u00f3n del tr\u00e1fico actual. Una oportunidad de hacer de las ciudades unos entornos m\u00e1s \u00e1giles, menos congestionados y en donde los servicios de transporte local y entregas se produzcan con mayor agilidad. Un art\u00edculo por Santiago Ferrer Jover, project manager.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":254686,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"\r\n

Current situation and challenges<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The rise of new technologies, consumer preferences, and emerging mobility services are radically transforming the automotive industry. We find ourselves in an exciting era of change, driven by the pursuit of sustainable digital mobility.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Urban mobility is shifting from private car use to the concept of smart cities<\/em>, where shared smart transport infrastructures for people and goods include private vehicles, bicycles, and public transit. This industry transformation requires the digital mobility value chain to capitalise on the latest innovations in software and electronics.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), sensor systems, robotics, and mobility services are paving the way, albeit with formidable challenges, towards a technological shift to new business models where the entire mobility ecosystem must collaborate for the evolution of transport services and features. Coordinating different means of transport for efficient door-to-door mobility is essential, as is fostering fully automated and autonomous driving, where software implements new features, capabilities, and vehicle performance enhancements.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Hardware components in vehicles are becoming more powerful and efficient, yet more challenging to manage. Concurrently, the complexity of software functions is growing exponentially, and vehicles are increasingly becoming an \u201cInternet node on wheels.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n

Current connectivity ecosystem among vehicles, infrastructures, and public road users. Source: FutureBride Analysis<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Enabling technologies<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

In future mobility scenarios, vehicles will exchange a staggering amount of data with their environment, such as other vehicles, pedestrians\u2019 handheld devices, and surrounding infrastructures like traffic lights, overhead cameras, or even with manned and unmanned aerial platforms.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

It is evident that traditional mechanics must be complemented with hardware devices that allow for a seamless and agile data flow, with minimal latency (no more than 50 milliseconds), capable of maintaining its characteristics even in low or degraded connectivity situations. Vehicles will be self-aware and aware of their surroundings, capable of independently processing the vast amount of information being transmitted and received. Front and rear cameras, radar, and lidar (light detection and ranging<\/em>) devices for detecting and avoiding obstacles and surrounding traffic are now common in many vehicles currently on the market. This remarkable hardware is matched by powerful management software with the most sophisticated artificial intelligence and image identification algorithms (Computer Vision) to turn vehicles into true digital platforms, enabling them to perform safe driving and even carry out evasive manoeuvres to avoid situations that put occupants at risk, such as unexpected lane changes, accelerations, or braking.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

When a vehicle is autonomous, this implies that it can react independently, making decisions based on perceived information. It must also filter information and process only data that adds value in its data stream; the rest should be discarded and not included in its internal database. Finally, it should also be able to transmit useful and quality information to other ground and aerial platforms. It involves continuous interaction with the environment, extensively employing the V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) and V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication concept. For this, enabling technologies like 5G will be pivotal for the definitive roll-out of autonomous vehicles and traffic management in smart cities.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Moreover, the significance of cybersecurity in communications cannot be overlooked. Efforts will be made to ensure all links and data flow are fortified with a cyber protection layer against malicious attacks, attempts at usurping key user and entity information, and the deployment of deliberately false data. The traceability of information flow secured by blockchain is also emerging as significant added value.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ongoing developments: towards predictive digital twin technology<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

At CT, we are engaged in significant urban mobility projects. One such initiative is the ECOMOBILITY KDT-JU project, involving 44 companies from 9 European countries, funded by the European Commission, where CT is responsible for developing a traffic manager for smart cities. With hardware technology and telecommunications devices, image capture, and digital maps generated by our partners, we are able to develop a predictive digital twin that informs us in real-time not only about the current traffic conditions in the city but also about likely future occurrences. Predictive ability will be crucial, going beyond mere data capture and display.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

With current traffic data, we can establish trends about its evolution and thereby inform all stakeholders so that they can take the most effective and efficient actions. Everyone can benefit: from drivers, who can receive optimal alternative routes via their GPS devices in case of traffic jams, to city governing bodies, who can be provided with better traffic light synchronisation, display the most useful messages on electronic signage, or suggest the best roadworks or modifications to streets and access points to make traffic flow more smoothly. With the capability to manage both real and synthetic data, we will strengthen our digital twin, ensuring its results and predictions are highly accurate.

Streamlined cities and less pollution are among the many benefits<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

As we have seen, ecomobility presents significant challenges, but also a great opportunity to deploy the best digital technology for managing the autonomous capabilities of vehicles, integrated into current traffic management. This is an opportunity to make cities more agile, less congested, and where local transport and delivery services can operate more smoothly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Additional benefits include a significant reduction in polluting emissions due to smoother traffic and promoting the roll-out of clean electric vehicles, decreased travel times between origin and destination, and optimised vehicle usage with shared platform business models.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

The enabling technologies available to us for making this impressive leap include: IoT, sensor technology, predictive digital twins, and artificial intelligence. With these, our task will be to integrate all disciplines so that there is a seamless flow of information between vehicles and their environment, ensuring that they operate as if they were a single entity. It\u2019s a complex mission, but we will drive together towards sustainable digital mobility.<\/p>\r\n","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[237],"tags":[252,251],"class_list":["post-258080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insights-es","tag-ecomobilidad","tag-ecomobility-es"],"yoast_head":"\nRetos de la ecomovilidad. Ecosistemas digitales y veh\u00edculos aut\u00f3nomos en los smart cities. - The CT Engineering Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctengineeringgroup.com\/es\/eco-mobility-challenges-digital-ecosystems-and-autonomous-vehicles-in-smart-cities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Retos de la ecomovilidad. Ecosistemas digitales y veh\u00edculos aut\u00f3nomos en los smart cities. - The CT Engineering Group\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La ecomovilidad nos presenta importantes desaf\u00edos, pero al mismo tiempo la gran oportunidad de desplegar la mejor tecnolog\u00eda digital para la gesti\u00f3n de las capacidades aut\u00f3nomas de los veh\u00edculos, integradas en la gesti\u00f3n del tr\u00e1fico actual. Una oportunidad de hacer de las ciudades unos entornos m\u00e1s \u00e1giles, menos congestionados y en donde los servicios de transporte local y entregas se produzcan con mayor agilidad. 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